![]() This study examines the effects of the degree of industry globalization on international alliance formation in terms of the type of alliance chosen by partner firms and stock market responses to the chosen type of alliance. Our study identifies multi-faceted effects of distance and highlights the contextual setting in international management in consideration of the distance effects. The three types of distance differ in their moderating roles in the relationship between partner knowledge gap and interfirm learning. ![]() Our results indica te that partner knowledge gap induces inter-firm learning, such that the rivalry within an alliance is possibly reduced. firms and their global partners in the bioscience and pharmaceutical industry. knowledge gap and inter-firm learning, as well as the moderating effects of three types of distances namely, global-connectedness, cultural, and geographic distance, based on the dataset collected from 236 global research and development (R&D) alliances formed between U.S. ![]() The relationship becomes more complicated in the global context because international collaboration poses different types of distance constraints on inter-firm learning. Although knowledge creation through global alliance s has been popular, the extant literature has shown mixed findings on the relationship between partner knowledge gap and inter-firm learning. ![]()
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